From its origins, the definition of the electro sound is the use of drum machines as the rhythmic base of a track; however as the style has evolved, and with the advent of computer usage in electronic music, the use of drum machines has become less and less practical and widespread. Electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a syncopated kick drum, and usually a snare or clap accenting the downbeat. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats (or breaks) is that electro tends to be more mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel, like that of a live drummer. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the various use of the term.[6]

rom its origins, the definition of the electro sound is the use of drum machines as the rhythmic base of a track; however as the style has evolved, and with the advent of computer usage in electronic music, the use of drum machines has become less and less practical and widespread. Electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a syncopated kick drum, and usually a snare or clap accenting the downbeat. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats (or breaks) is that electro tends to be more mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel, like that of a live drummer. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the various use of the term.[6]

Planet Rock (sample)
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Short sample of "Planet Rock", originally released in 1982 by Afrika Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force.
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Staccato, percussive drumbeats tend to dominate electro; with beats once mostly provided by the Roland TR-808 drum machine, the advent of computers in electronic music has outdated this old school method and are now used by the majority of electro producers the world over. The TR-808, created in 1980, has an immediately recognizable sound, and through the use of samples remains somewhat popular in electro and other genres to the present day. Other electro instrumentation is generally all-electronic, favoring analog synthesis, bass lines, sequenced or arpeggiated synthetic riffs, and atonal sound effects all created with synthesizers. Heavy use of effects such as reverbs, delays, chorus or phasers along with eerie synthetic ensemble strings or pad sounds emphasize the common science fiction or futuristic theme of the lyrics and/or music. Most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content. Some earlier electro features rapping, but that lyrical style has become less popular in the genre from the 1990s onward.

About electro-funk origins, Greg Wilson claims:
“ It was all about stretching the boundaries that had begun to stifle black music, and its influences lay not only with German technopop wizards Kraftwerk, the acknowledged forefathers of pure electro, plus British futurist acts like the Human League and Gary Numan, but also with a number of pioneering black musicians. Major artists like Miles Davis, Sly Stone, Herbie Hancock, Stevie Wonder, legendary producer Norman Whitfield and, of course, George Clinton and his P Funk brigade, would all play their part in shaping this new sound via their innovative use of electronic instruments during the 70’s (and as early as the late 60’s in Miles Davis’s case).

Following the decline of disco music in the late 1970s, various funk artists such as Zapp & Roger began experimenting with talk boxes and the use of heavier, more distinctive beats.

In 1982, Bronx based producer Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal track "Planet Rock", which contained elements of Kraftwerk's Trans-Europe Express and "Numbers" (from Kraftwerk's Computer World album).[2] "Planet Rock" is widely regarded as a turning point in the electro genre.[7]

In 1983, Hashim created the influential electro funk tune "Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)" which became Cutting Record's first release in November 1983.[8] At the time Hashim was influenced by Man Parrish's "Hip Hop, Be Bop", Thomas Dolby's "She Blinded Me With Science" and Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock".[9] Also in 1983, Herbie Hancock, in collaboration with Grand Mixer D.ST, released the hit single "Rockit".

Bambaataa and groups like Planet Patrol, Jonzun Crew, Mantronix, Newcleus and Juan Atkins' Detroit-based group Cybotron went on to influence the genres of Detroit techno, ghettotech, breakbeat, drum and bass and electroclash. Early producers in the electro genre (notably Arthur Baker,[10] John Robie and Shep Pettibone) featured prominently in the Latin Freestyle (or simply "Freestyle") movement. By the late 1980s, the genre had parted from its initial funk influences. Baker and Pettibone enjoyed robust careers well into the house era, and both eluded the "genre trap" to successfully produce mainstream artists

Although the early 1980s were electro's heyday in the mainstream, it enjoyed renewed popularity in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke, and has made yet another comeback for a third wave of popularity in 2009. The continued interest in electro, though influenced to a great degree by Florida, Detroit, Miami, Los Angeles and New York styles, has primarily taken hold in Florida and Europe with electro club nights becoming commonplace again. The scene still manages to support hundreds of electro labels, from the disco electro of Clone Records, to the old school b-boy styles of Breakin’ Records and Dominance Electricity, to the electrofunk of Citinite, and to harder more modern styles of electro of labels like Bass Frequency Productions and Nu Illusion Music.

New branches of electro have risen over the last couple of years. Florida has pioneered the "Electrocore" sound, started in the late 90's by artists like Jackal & Hyde and Dynamix II and carried on to this day. Skweee is a genre which developed in Nordic countries such as Sweden and Finland, hence its first name "Scandinavian Funk". The outlets and artists of Skweee are still mostly limited to the Nordic countries.

Electro - направление музыки, созданное группой Kraftwerk. Electro-boogie, Electro-funk — поджанр электронной музыки, возникший в США на стыке хип-хопа, фанка, электропопа (Гэри Ньюман) и стиля музыки германской электронной группы Kraftwerk. Расцветом электро были 1982—85 гг. Электро способствовал освобождению хип-хопа из ритмической зависимости от диско. Непосредственно из электро развился жанр техно (см. Cybotron, Mantronix, Model 500).

Характерной особенностью данного стиля является применение драм-машин для создания ритмческой основы композиций - наиболее узнаваемое звучание электро придает драммашина Roland TR-808.

Саунд характерен использованием аналогового синтеза звука для написания трэков, и обильного вкрапления эффектов эхо, задержки, реверберации, обработанного вокодером вокала и лирики на научно-фантастическую и футуристическую тематику. Современное электро несет в себе некоторое наследие хип-хопа, в виде встречающихся речитативов, но в 1990-е данное направление стало менее популярным.

Одной из первых и наиболее влиятельных композиций жанра стал сингл Африки Бамбаты «Planet Rock», вышедший в июне 1982 года, напрямую цитировавший мелодию «Trans-Europe Express» и ритм «Numbers» Kraftwerk. Успех сингла продолжила следующая пластинка Бамбаты «Looking for the Perfect Beat» (1983). Тогда же вышел один из шедевров электро — сингл «Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)» Хашима. Музыканты из Лос-Анджелеса - Egyptian Lover и Arabian Prince - стали основателями стиля электро-хоп (electro hop), который отличается менее фанковым, более басовым саундом. В Детройт развился свой саунд - electro-techno/techno bass, c более техноидным звучанием (см. A Number of Names, Cybotron, Aux 88, Drexciya). На восточном побережье, в Нью-Йорке и особенно в Майами, электро-музыка породила фристайл (Freestyle) - латиноамериканский вариант электро, с более душевным, поп саундом. Хотя наиболее ярким периодом жизни электро были 1980-е годы, музыканты, работающие в этом стиле, есть и по сей день. Часто бывает так, что уникальная по звучанию композиция выпускается под никому неизвестным именем, и все гадают: кто же на самом деле является ее автором. Недавнее возобновление интереса к этому музыкальному течению наиболее явно в Детройте и Нью-Йорке, хотя и другие города стараются не отставать. Поэтому почти в каждом мегаполисе есть ряд локальных звездных диджеев и продюсеров, соперничество которых делает саунд все лучше и лучше.

Электро музыке посвящён документальный фильм "Darkbeat - An Electro World Voyage".

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